Hotel Rwanda Essay

In the film Hotel Rwanda, the story of Paul Rusesabagina’s life is put on display. It opens with a scene with the characters Paul and Dube, a fictional character based on the Tutsi workers of the Milles Collines. Paul is discussing what â€Å"style† is to Dube; they proceed to drive to pick up supplies from Georges Rutaganda. Rutaganda is a businessman and the leader of the Interhamwe militia group responsible for the genocide. At first, Paul appears to be his friend, yet when Rutaganda asks Paul to join the Interhamwe, Paul refuses saying he is too busy. Immediately we see Paul is a good person who doesn’t want any trouble. Later, we find out why Paul doesn’t want to be a part of the Interhamwe; his wife and children are Tutsis. As the movie goes on, the Interhamwe get stronger and stronger as the political unrest is growing. Once the Hutu president’s plane is shot down, the Hutus begin to â€Å"cut the tall trees down† as the radio announce r explains. This was a sign to being the mass murdering of all Tutsi people, especially Tutsi children. Paul begins to worry about his own family’s safety and once their neighborhood gets attacked, he brings many people to the Milles Collines, where he works. Due to the Milles Collines being a five star hotel, Paul is worried he is lowering the standard of the hotel. At this point, Paul is trying to hide the fact that he is hiding Tutsi’s in the hotel. He is trying to keep the reputation to avoid suspicion from the Interhamwe rebels. Soon, however, the UN guards who have been assisting the Milles Collines with safety are being told to evacuate. They take with them all of the non-Rwandan peoples and leave the others left with no protection. There are many close calls with the Interhamwe and the refugees, but Paul avoids the conflicts by buying off the generals and bribing them for more time. The UN soldiers finally return with visas for many of the families to leave the country to escape persecution; however not all of the families could leave and it was a difficult process for Paul having to leave, not knowing the outcome of so many he had tried to help. At the last second, Paul decides to stay and help the others while leaving his family. The  Interhamwe find out that the UN are smuggling Tutsi refugees out and ambush them. The UN car ends up returning to the Milles Collines and does not help any of the refugees. Eventually, after another conflict with the Interhamwe, the refugees escape to the safe side of Rwanda with the UN soldiers. My overall impression of the movie was depressing, yet inspiring. The whole genocide itself was unbelievably cruel, but Paul’s actions to work against the genocide were so inspiring. It is very important to show the film Hotel Rwanda in Catholic Social Justice because during the genocide so many rights were taken away from those who had no say in the matter. At one point in the film, the character Jack Daglish, one of the journalists and photographers who filmed in Rwanda, asked one of the women if she was Hutu or Tutsi; she answered Hutu. The same encounter went on with another girl sitting right next to the Hutu woman, yet the other woman said she was Tutsi. The irony of those encounters is that both women looked like they could be twins. The Hutus and the Tutsis have no real differences. Another reason students should be watching this movie in Catholic Social Justice is that it teaches students to stand up for what is right. There were countless times in the movie where Paul could have denied refugees from entering or left with his family to save just them; but yet, he stayed and fought for what he knew was right. This is the definition of a hero and a role model for children everywhere. Over the course of the movie, many human rights were violated and abused. Firstly, and most importantly, the Tutsis right to life was taken away. They were brutally attacked, raped, tortured, and murdered simply for being a Tutsi. The Interhamwe did not care about anything besides exterminating the Tutsi population. Secondly, the Tutsi’s right to security was taken away. During the genocide, the Interhamwe came to a Tutsi’s house, ransacked it, lit it on fire, and proceeded to kill them with no intention, other than to kill. None of the Tutsis had any security whatsoever, and were always on the lookout for someone looking to kill them. Thirdly, the right to justice/free speech was clearly taken away. Not only did the Hutu rebel groups kill the Tutsis, they killed them for no reason. Over 90% of the Tutsi population were innocent bystanders who had never done anything wrong in their life,  yet because of prejudice and hatred, the Interhamwe killed 1 million people in 100 days. They killed 6-7 people per minute. That is the highest and fastest rate of any genocide taken place. Fourthly, the Tutsi’s right to property was taken. The Hutu rebel groups would destroy the Tutsi’s home, steal their goods, light their houses on fire, and murder the innocent people living there. The Tutsis had no freedom. And finally, the Tutsi’s spiritual rights were taken away. It didn’t matter what you did, how hard you cried, how much you begged, the Interhamwe were heatless beings who killed for fun. The Hutu rebel groups did not allow the Tutsis any spiritual rights, economic rights, or any rights at all. T hey killed whomever they saw and did it because they wanted too. Not only were human rights violated, but also the Themes of Catholic Social Justice were desecrated. The first theme, life and dignity of the human person, was obviously debased. To have over 1 million dead in 100 days is absolutely crazy! All humans are made in the likeness and image of God, therefore each should be treated with dignity and respect; however in the movie, the Interhamwe treat no one with dignity. The second theme, call to family, community and participation, was violated, but also upheld. God calls us to be social and to live within fellowship and community. God also explains that family is the most important thing in life because they teach us support. Obvious violations would be when the Interhamwe mercilessly kill child after child, parent after parent, without any regard to live in peace. But, this call is also upheld. Paul, his family, and his entire community live by this creed. They stick together through the deepest of times and are always there for each other even when they themselves have nothing to give. The third theme, option for the poor and vulnerable, has two sides to it again. God calls us to have a special place in our hearts for the poor and vulnerable. Clearly, the Interhamwe has no sympathy for any of the Tutsis, especially the poor and vulnerable. Paul, however, cares for those who cannot care for themselves. He helps the orphans when Madam Archer brings them to the hotel, he helps his neighbors seek shelter, and anyone else who need refuge during the time. The fourth theme, dignity of work and rights to work, was again, violated and upheld. From the Interhamwe perspective, they did not care who you were or what you did. If you were a Tutsi, you were a  cockroach who belonged dead. Despite this, however, Paul manages to keep the Milles Collines running and the hotel staff’s rights are upheld. God calls us to value the worker before we value work itself. When Paul becomes in charge, he values each and every worker handling each problem with grace and great leadership. The fifth and final theme is solidarity. God calls us to see everyone as your brother and sister’s keeper. The spirit of friendship and true community is the basis for a just world. Clearly, that is not the Interhamwe’s belief. They wanted to exterminate the entire Tutsi race and did not care how they did it. Paul and his community, over at the Milles Collines, cared for each other and worked together to stop this injustice from occurring. Despite the conditions they were in, the Hutu and Tutsi people who were living at the Milles Collines lived in harmony and worked together to defeat a common enemy. They worked together to ensure the common good- meaning that every person’s basic needs were met and their rights were respected. Although the Interhamwe violated every theme of Catholic Social Justice, Paul and his community upheld what God called us to do. Throughout the film, I was inspired in many ways. Paul’s ability to handle so many things being thrown at him was admirable. Although he broke down once, he handled it with the utmost grace and love. Not only did Paul try to ensure that every human’s basic rights, he also made sure that God’s call and the themes of Catholic Social Justice were also met. Paul Rusesabagina’s story is one of inspiration and courage. His story encourages me to get involved more so that people who don’t have a say will have their opinions voiced. Paul and his story will forever be remembered by many. Paul is not only a hero, but also a child of God.

Admissions MBA

I can vividly remember how happy I am to do trade-ins with my friends and siblings when I am still a kid. Every time I like something which my friends or siblings have, I try to convey them to trade in to what I have. With small and simple talks, I able to make them compromise to what I have offered. Unknowingly, that simple gesture already foretold of what I would be like when I become an adult which is to do business.I am a graduate of computer science and hold a master’s degree in the aforementioned course but the interest that I have with MBA has never subsided. I am very much interested in MBA with concentration in Management.MBA or Master of Business Administration is everyone’s dream. It is an achievement for an individual to finish this master’s degree. I have a number of reasons why I want to do an MBA.It is basically for my self-improvement however I have five reasons that are on my top list. First thing is, I firmly believe that MBA program would allow me to have further studies that would enhance my knowledge and skills related to the field of my specialization; thus, it will get me updated to any recent buzz related to this field.Secondly, MBA offers a lot of opportunities especially we are in this modern and competitive world where everyone must has its own edge to cope the competition; thus it is an edge for me if I have an MBA. Thirdly, MBA ensures excellence and eminence business education that equips individuals to be competitive and perform tasks efficiently.The fourth one is it gives me more opportunities to be exposed to different subjects such as economics, international business, marketing, finance and etc. that I don’t learn in my previous studies and I have the chance to concentrate on my chosen area of specialization.The last one would be, MBA does not only equip me academically but it would change my perspectives in life through the rigid training and studies that I will be going through.

Happy moment in my life Essay

Social networks are becoming increasingly important in higher education as the format of course delivery changes to include hybrid and online models, and as the social network offers students a way to stay in touch, creating face-to-face like conversations and other interactions away from the physical classroom. From this perspective, social networks are particularly important for adult learners who often have complex, busy schedules that may not enable them to participate in face-to-face events at their institutions of choice, or may prohibit them from participating during â€Å"regular† classroom hours. Online social media participation can happen anytime, anywhere, and fills the need of adult or distance (or both) students to feel connected to their classmates, their instructors, and their institutions. My experience teaching both face-to-face and online courses with and without the use of social networks has shown me how valuable they can be to overall student engagement. In both cases, before turning to using a social network (in my case, Yammer) as a web course space, I tried using other formats for student engagement such as blogs, wikis, and forums. I found that the â€Å"chatty† nature of social networks made a big difference in the kind of student participation I saw and the length, depth, and consistency of student-to-student and group-to-group (many-to-many) interactions that occurred in my courses. Read more: Essay About  Happiest Moments in Life Social networks most closely resemble what happens in face-to-face discussions, and therefore resulted in the students feeling more committed, engaged, and known to each other and the course, as well as (potentially) to the institution. Other factors contributing to the increased engagement with the use of social networks are: (1) The low learning curve: Most people are familiar with Facebook, and can therefore easily adopt any similar social network without feeling burdened by having to learn anything new; (2) Familiar faces: The use of a photograph alongside the students and professors or administrators postings goes a long way to heighten a sense of familiarity. Often I found students knew each other and me from the social network so well that when we finally met in person, it felt very familiar; (

Albert Einstein's Philadelphia Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Albert Einstein's Philadelphia Experiment - Essay Example The Philadelphia experiment was done on a Navy destroyer escort, the USS Eldridge, which was fitted with required equipment and generators, began in the summers of 1943 and was initially a success to a limited degree. First, the experiment was conducted using domestic Animals on a ship; the animals were placed in metal cages on the USS Eldridge, the ship became invisible but when it materialized many of the animals were missing and some had radiation and burn marks on them, for the first time humans were not be tested. Yet the next time the Experiment was performed with a full crew aboard reportedly underwent the Philadelphia Experiment. The men on board did not know what was happening; they were only told that they were going to be made invisible with the ship. For the second time Eldridge being rendered almost completely invisible, with some eyewitnesses reporting a greenish fog; however, crew members complained of serious nausea afterward. At that time the experiment was altered b y the Navy, with the new goal being invisible to radar only. Equipments used were not recalibrated, and the Experiment was performed again with a new crew member and few scientists. This time, Eldridge not only actually became almost entirely invisible to the naked eye but actually vanished from the area entirely. Concurrent with the phenomenon, the U.S Naval base at Norfolk, Virginia, just over 375 miles away, reported sighting the Eldridge vanished again and reappeared in the Philadelphia, not only it was vanished and moved miles away but it was also years away. The effect of this experiment on the crew members was profound and almost all of the crew members were violently ill. Some suffered from mental illness because of the experience; behavior conforming to schizophrenia is described in some accounts. Some of the members were missing supposedly vanished and some were actually fused to the mental bulkhead. Some of the Survivors of the experiment said that they were horrified by the experiment and tried to jump out of the ship and went through a time travel, they were in the year 1983 and they met the scientist who was with them on the ship, they were very much scared and were asked to shut down the Machine on the ship and when they returned to the ship they switched off the machine, but it was too late. Some of the other sailor also went through time travel, they found themselves in a

What insights, if any, can the writings of Michael Foucault provide Outline

What insights, if any, can the writings of Michael Foucault provide for the student of medieval 'outsiders' - Outline Example Perhaps one of the main contributors to the body of knowledge includes Michel Foucault. Indeed, his exploration of science, philosophy, history and a host of other fields generated useful insights that inform current decisions in the academic sphere. It is against this background that this paper underscores contributions of Michel Foucault that are informative to the student of medieval ‘outsider’. Foucault posits that the disappearance of the social problem of leprosy paved way to insanity2. Initially during the 1500s, mad people were secluded from the society and sent away in ‘ship of fools’3. According to Foucault, leprosy was a complex phenomenon whose occurrence was beyond the physical incapacitation6. From a medical point of view, the populations that were affected by it suffered immensely. The then societies feared the disease because of the medical implications that were associated with it. Just like mad people, lepers were secluded form the society The resultant gap made it possible for populations to carry on with the practice of seclusion. Gradually, mad people started being given a similar treatment. In essence, they were considered social outcasts and were exposed to brutal treatment9. Foucault believes that discipline and punishment gives the persons in authority power over an individual who is punished10. Power in this regard is defined by professional knowledge thus judges, parole officers and the police are powerful. The degree and length of the disciplinary measure is depended on the decisions that are made by individuals in power11. These also determine the type of punishment that need to be reflective of the type of wrong that is committed by the prisoner. Discipline and punishment play distinct social and political roles of: Human sexuality has a direct influence on social as well as political power structuring16. The procedures and

Supermarkets in UK Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supermarkets in UK - Literature review Example The researcher aims to evaluate and present academic journals that relate to the topic. The first academic article that relates to my topic is UK Supermarket Space Race Faces Scrutiny by Andrea Felsted. â€Å"The main beneficiaries in the retail grocery sector of this drive to economies have been those large-scale supermarkets that have pushed everyday low prices, while some of the more basic bargain retailers have also seen benefits†. The article Supermarkets – The New Drivers of Urban Growth published in the journal says that, Supermarkets have turned out to be one of the main players in shaping and building places. The author summaries in the article are that, retailers don’t desire to construct a supermarket these days. â€Å"While the economic downturn has impacted heavily upon most development, the major retailers have gone from strength to strength. Supermarkets are increasingly being built on prime sites in an urban setting, rather than out of town, and investment in the site goes well beyond building a big retail shed† Mintel in his book says that it was a very rough year in 2010 for grocery retailers, due to clients switching to extremely competitive discount food dealers, and that they paid more attention on wasting food. According to Alexandru M. Degeratu in his article called, Consumer Choice Behavior in Online and Traditional Supermarkets: The Effects of Brand Name, Price, and other Search Attributes, says that, there is rising interest or attention in understanding the results of computer mediated shopping atmospheres. A subject of particular interest to equally academics and practitioners is in determining whether there are methodical dissimilarities in customer choice behavior among regular and online (offline) storerooms, and if there are dissimilarities, in understanding the causes for these differences. â€Å"Advertising induces brand loyalty in consumers who would otherwise purchase the cheapest alternative on t he market.†4 According to Helen E Perriman in his article, THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, behavior of the consumer is influenced by both interior features and external features that characterize the atmosphere in which the person behavior takes place. (Helen E Perriman 2010). Andy Wood in his article called, Shopper behaviour as the UK Exits Recession, talks about consumer’s supermarket shopping behavior during recession. According to him, one of the most precious tools in every retail grocery market chaos is the programmes related to consumer loyalty. Whereas in the previous year, the market share of the Tesco dipped in the face of customers going down the bazaar looking for superior deals, so the marketplace leader has organized to turn various things around. (Andy Wood 2010). The major beneficiaries in the

Reserche proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reserche proposal - Essay Example The researcher has chosen to research the area of people with learning disabilities. Researcher because of experience of working in a PCT chose this subject area, where a large proportion of people with learning disabilities access primary health care services from independent contractors. The researcher works closely with a learning disabilities team and is carrying out research on their behalf that has a keen interest to identify the barriers for people with learning disabilities face, while accessing health services within Kensington and Chelsea PCT. As a health care practitioner, researcher is concerned that these people are discriminated against. The new government health strategy â€Å"our health, our care, our say† reinforces people rights and desires. Therefore, why not people with learning disability have a same right as other people and why they cannot access the same services. The aim of the study is to identify â€Å"Are health’s needs being met by GP services for people with learning disabilities?† The purpose of this study is to identify the most effective ways of closing the health gap and improving services so that people with learning disability problems have their physical needs met. A review of literature in this area was carried out using various search strategies (See appendix 1). Learning disability is a major concern around the world. Not all people share equal opportunities for good health and evidence indicates that people in less advantaged circumstances experience poorer health [1]. The poorer health of people with learning disabilities is the major concern in present circumstances. Therefore, this proposal will review the wider causes of health inequalities and consider how these affect people with learning disabilities. â€Å"People with learning disabilities have much poorer health than the general population and the NHS has traditionally failed to serve people with learning disabilities

Response to Smiths positions in The Worlds Religions Essay

Response to Smiths positions in The Worlds Religions - Essay Example Hinduism’s attitude concerning life is concrete and convincing. It perceives the labor and inconvenience of life, also the delight and achievement that accompany it. In any case, inevitably every person comes to acknowledge with Huston Smith â€Å"that there is no genuine truth here underneath, that everything that seems great in this world is limited, restricted, wears out, and once exhausted leaves need uncovered in all its exposure.† We all look for delight, achievement, and loyal living, yet the point in the long run comes when these things lose their unique magnificence, and we inquire as to whether this is a definitive that life brings to the table. Hinduism perceives that what we truly need, which Smith indicates that is freedom from the incalculable impediments that squeeze so intently to our natural presence. As much as I have learned a lot about the teaching of Hinduism, Smith elaborates further concerning the attitude of Hinduism to life. Interestingly, the w ay to freedom and supernatural union is through a system for training called yoga. There is one way, as well as four, and every location a man’s individual nature. Jnana Yoga is planned for profound competitors who have an in number scholarly twisted. Bhakti yoga depends on commitment and affection for God. Karma Yoga burdens one’s work, which reduces egotism. I agreed with the author’s elucidation about Hindus approach to life and particularly how the yogi leaves friends and family and home behind, and set out with minimal more than begging for bowl.

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law Essay

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law - Essay Example The practical difficulties will first be explored by outlining the historical developments of anti-human trafficking international law. Secondly, this paper will analyse the European Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005 (Convention of 2005) and the ECHR’s approach to international human trafficking in Ranstev v Cyprus and Russia (2010). Finally this paper will recommend appropriate amendments that can improve the Convention of 2005. I. Historical Developments in International Human Trafficking Law Trafficking in human beings has a long â€Å"legal and political history†.2 The term human trafficking was first used in internationally during the early part of the 20th century and even then it was confined to issues relative to white slavery which was a term used in connection with forced prostitution. Therefore the first anti-trafficking convention at international law was the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic 1 904 which attempted to eliminate the criminal trafficking of females for â€Å"immoral purposes†.3 By 1927, the term white slavery was discontinued as it was perceived to be inadequate in terms of reflecting the real nature of the problem of international human trafficking. As a result a number of international conventions were adopted including the League of Nations’ Suppression of the Trafficking in Women and Children 1921 and the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age 1933. Neither or these conventions offered a definition of trafficking and were largely concerned with the forced prostitution of women across borders. Moreover, these conventions only dealt with the issue of recruitment as it was perceived that detention in brothels fell outside of international law.4 The United Nations adopted the Convention on Suppression of Trafficking and Exploitation of Prostitution in 1949 which had three significant shortcomings. First it was not a binding convention i n the sense that it only called for cooperation. Secondly, it was based on self-reporting and thirdly, it did not define the term human trafficking.5 The assessment of human trafficking would therefore differ from state to state as each country would have its own definition of trafficking and self-reporting, regardless of how objective could not reflect the real nature of the problem internationally. Moreover, the voluntary cooperative nature of the 1949 Convention could not provide an effective obligation or commitment to reporting and cooperating on the appropriate responses to international human trafficking. By the decades of the 1990s, national governments, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations became increasingly concerned about the problems associated with transnational criminal organizations and the attending problems of human trafficking. Thus the UN implemented the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in 2000. At the same time th e UN adopted the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000).6 Significantly, the Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000 provided for an agreed upon definition of human trafficking, therefore facilitating a harmonized approach to defining human trafficking and as a result

The Fossil Fuels Essay Example for Free

The Fossil Fuels Essay Fossil Fuels are a non-renewable energy source. They are found in Earth’s depositions made over millions and millions years ago and are called non-renewable because they can’t be used again once they are spent. There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. COAL Coal is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and some amounts of sulphur -Three main types of coal: †¢Anthracite : the hardest and has the most carbon in it, meaning higher energy content †¢Lignite: softest, low in carbon, but high in oxygen hydrogen †¢Bituminous: All of the above found in similar amounts Coal is mined out of the ground using various methods. Some coal mines are dug by sinking vertical or horizontal shafts deep underground, and coal miners travel by elevators or trains deep underground to dig the coal. Other coal is mined in strip mines where huge steam shovels strip away the top layers above the coal. The layers are then restored after the coal is taken away. The coal is then shipped by train and boats and even in pipelines. In pipelines, the coal is ground up and mixed with water to make whats called slurry. This is then pumped many miles through pipelines. At the other end, the coal is used to fuel power plants and other factories. OIL Oil is the second main type of Fossil Fuels, and is formed 300 million years ago, same as coal did. It has been used for more than 5,000-6,000 years. Oil contains carbon, same as all Fossil Fuels and is found on the bottom of the sea. How? Well, the carbon found on the sea bottom, eventually turned into oil under great pressure and heat. As the earth changed and moved and folded pockets where oil and natural gas can be found were formed. To find oil and natural gas, companies drill through the earth to the deposits deep below the surface. The oil and natural gas are then pumped from below the ground by oil rigs (like in the picture). They then usually travel through pipelines or by ship. NATURAL GAS Natural gas is lighter than air. It is mostly made up of methane. Methane is a simple chemical compound that is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Its chemical formula is CH4 – one atom of carbon along with four atoms hydrogen. This gas is highly flammable. Natural gas is usually found near petroleum underground. It is pumped from below ground and travels in pipelines to storage areas. Benefits of Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels bring a lot to the world. Currently they are the most used source of energy. There are reasons for that. To start with, they produce large amounts of energy from a little amount of fuel. That is highly economically beneficial. Also, just the fact that Fossil Fuels are the most common used means a lot Industrial revolution has popularized the usage of fossil fuel in the entire planet. That resulted in most of machines, devices, vehicles depend on the fossil fuels, may it be coal, petroleum or natural gas. Also, it is much simpler to use and extract energy when most of the machinery is set for Fossil Fuels what makes them easily available too when you think about it. Sustainable fuel sources like solar, wind or geothermal have complex process to harness energy from them. Limitations of Fossil Fuels Unfortunately, Fossil Fuels carry more limitations than benefits. It is up to each person to decide if the benefits are really dominant over limitations. They are non-renewable which their main limitation is because as they are extracted to an unlimited level it is for sure that they will deplete some day or the other. Since they are non-renewable it is likely that fuels expenses will face a hike in near future. It would take millions of years to replace coal, and oil, and we are using them quickly. Fossil fuels are the major energy source, as previously mentioned, but still when over consumption takes place lead to disastrous effects such as air pollution. Also, burning of fossil fuels releases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide etc. Those have severe consequences on the habitats. Then they also affect human health, because of all the substances are released that we breathe in. Also, the ozone layer is being worn-out due to the release of greenhouse gases from the fuels. Hence, ozone holes are being created from which harmful UV rays enter the earth surface that affect human life causing diseases like cancer. Environmental Risks As it is possible to tell from all the limitations mentioned, the Fossil Fuels really do put the Earth in a great environmental risk every day. Other than previously mentioned, there are also a few examples of Fossil Fuels having an impact on the environment. For example: acid rain. When burnt, sulphur dioxide gas is also produced which is the factor for acid rain. Acid rain leads to destruction of monuments made up of brickwork or marbles, even crops are affected due to acidification of loams. Then the coal mining results in destruction of abundant lands and also endangers the lives of mineworkers. The natural gas causes nasty smells and also a lot of problems with transportation. Also, there is a great impact on the aquatic life. Transportation of crude oil causes oil spills over seas reasoning to hazards to the aquatic life by lessening the oxygen content of water. Renewable types of fuels are much better than Fossil Fuels. Yes/No? As the years go on, and the amounts of Fossil Fuels are decreasing, a new, non-renewable energy has been introduced. It is a great question whether it is better and even doable to switch completely to the renewable energy. Renewable energy is the energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind, rain, tides and can be generated again and again as and when required. They are available in plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available on this planet. For eg: energy that we receive from the sun can be used to generate electricity. Similarly, energy from wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be used to fulfill our daily energy demands. [4] There are pros and cons to this new, renewable energy. To start with the pros, firstly and most importantly, all the sources for this type of energy are in an abundant quantity and free to use. Then they are much more environmentally friendly, meaning much lower pollutants emission. Also, renewable energy helps in stimulating the economy and creating job opportunities. The money that is used to build these plants can provide jobs to thousands to lakhs of people. The cons of this renewable energy are that it is not easy to set up a plant for the extraction of energy and that it would cost a lot more because we will have to adapt everything we have to something new, more complicated. Then, almost every type of renewable energy is dependent on the weather conditions, parts of the day, week, and months. It is not reliable all the time. With all of this stated and the pros and cons of the non-renewable energy I must conclude that renewable types of fuels are better. Yes, there are limitations to both but the crucial thing with the renewable energy is that it saves the environment in a much greater measure and that is what matters the most. The cost for the switch to renewable energy will cost a lot but it pays of much more because if we don’t nurture the place we live in it will no longer be a nice place to stay in. Governmental actions There are steps being taken because people nations worldwide are becoming more aware of the environmental risks for which the Earth is being exposed to with the non-renewable energy consumption. Besides the new movements, actions and propaganda for lowering the Fossil Fuels usage, there have been laws brought by many nations together to save the environment, such as the Clean Air Act. This act focused on the reduction of sulfur, nitrogen oxides and particulate emissions. An example of newer actions is Denmark whose goal is to completely get rid of the usage of Fossil Fuels by 2050. From 1980 till 2010 the share of renewable energy in Denmark rose from 3 % to 19 %. With this strategy the rise will continue to 33 % by 2020, meaning a full third of our energy will be produced by green energy primarily wind and biomass. And finally, up until 2050 the fossil fuels energy will be almost non-existent.

Complex process of human development

Complex process of human development Introduction Human Development varies from a person to person and is a highly complex process'[1]. It develops as a result of the effect of various factors influencing the growth at different stages in a lifetime of an individual. The following essay is divided into two parts. In part one, we will be analysing the work of a professional practitioner and for this I have interviewed the Youth Worker of St Andrews church in Charminster. In part two, we will be examining a real life case study which centres on the problem of rebellion and we shall analyse it in detail looking at the various issues surrounding it and the possible solutions. Youth Worker Charminster is one of the places in Bournemouth which is constantly monitored by the police due to the presence of drug dealers and high crime rates within teenagers. Therefore, especially here the youth worker is an important role in the development of the community. Youth workers promote the personal, educational and social development of young people. Roger Baker, who is the current youth worker of St Andrews, says that working in Charminster is a challenging and an interesting place to work. Roger has 10 years of rich Christian youth work experience and prior to that he worked with the council as a youth worker and also as a probationer officer. Job Description His overall objective is to increase the churchs community involvement with the young people, to strengthen the relationships with the local schools, to work in partnership with other organisations to engage with the young people for their welfare and development. Mainly his role on a yearly basis includes: Assessing the needs of young people, running various youth clubs on Friday nights for the youth of the community. Multi agency working in line with the informal youth project. Agencies like Bournemouth Youth Services, Youth Offending Team, Connexions and Bournemouth Council. Alsoacting as an advocate for young peoples interests and presenting them to the required agency. Taking the Bible studies during the week for different age groups and discipling the young people into a Christ like character. Managing developing the youth and community projects and resources Serving the needs of the young people in the community including the delivery of sports programmes, supporting recreational activities, providing advice and counselling. Drawing up business plans, writing reports and making formal presentations to funding bodies. Over and beyond the job description the youth worker does many more informal activities for the church and the community. Advantages of the role Since previously Roger worked with the council as a secular youth worker, now he compares his former role to his present role as a Christian youth worker and says that the latter has more advantages and more opportunities. As a secular youth worker in case of emergency he couldnt drive in a car alone with a young person. Besides, he said that they worked only during their working hours in a day after which they didnt think about youth work at all and they worked just because its their job and spent less time with the youth. Now, he says that Christian youth work role is more relaxed and comfortable with no set timings to work and therefore he can focus on a particular issue or work giving it the time required in order to resolve or to work on it. According to Bruce Britton, what young people want from their youth workers is not their organisational ability, but willingness to focus and to listen to their views and spend time with them as per their availability.[2] Though this is Rogers perspective, however I think this is how youth workers actually need be irrespective of whether they are secular or religious feeling comfortable with time and spending meaningful time with the youth. He said that he had less opportunities for detached youth work whilst working with the council. If a young person had a problem they had to come to the centre, only then they could help them. But now they can operate without the use of a centre and can go to the place where young people are, both geographically and developmentally. He gave an example where one young guy (19 yrs) called him and said that he had an interview and was little nervous and asked him to accompany him to the interview. So Roger did accompany that young person which made the young person feel confident. He said that this wouldnt have been possible if he had been with the council. According to Erik Eriksons 8 stages of development youth who are 19-25 yrs wrestle with the Isolation versus Intimacy.[3] This is the stage where they need someone to guide, comfort and build a relationship with them. Stresses and Strains In his work there are few stresses and strains which they are trying to work out. He says the main issue is the ever changing staff team with in the youth team. People who come to help as volunteers or those who come on placement stick with the youth club for 6-12 months and then they move to a different place. He says that this is where the whole problem lies with maintaining continued relationships with the youth. Suddenly that person moves out and a new staff member who works with a different approach or method takes more time to build that same relationship with the youth and because of that there is no consistency. They currently get close to 40-60 kids during a Friday youth club and low staff resourcing is a problem in supervising these kids. Another issue he raised was that of finances. They have enough projects and plans for the local youth, but they lack funds to run these projects. Also he says that since its a church setting, for effective discipleship of youngsters the church needs to come and help the youth groups on a random basis supporting the youth worker. Skills for Practice Roger is a trained professional in the area of youth work. He did few former roles like youth worker and probationer office with the local council. His role as a youth worker with the church is twofold. The first task according to his priority is working with the unchurched youth of the community contributing to their growth and development and the second aspect being discipling and nurturing the youth of the church. He often keeps himself updated with some of the books written by youth and community workers. He said that the book Joined Up: An Introduction to Youth Work and Ministry'[4] with itsfour core values of youth work: voluntary participation, empowerment, equality of opportunity and informal education were very helpful and gave a great insight in understanding the youth work within the church and outside the church. He used to draw his skill for his youth work from the national occupational standards of the National Youth Agency when he started working with the youth. However now he draws his expertise from various available sources. He subscribes to the major youth work magazines and draws the latest news and developments from them. Sometimes he does take the Sunday Bible studies for the youth from the Youth Work magazine and basically he goes by the current trend of the youth compared to the prescribed theory within the youth work. Theory to Practice The challenging part of the youth work is executing the theory into practice. When I asked him for a live example he shared with me the story of a young person whose name is Allan and he was aged 13.[5] Allan was attending behavioural school and was in trouble with the police for couple of times. His mother is in recovery from drugs and his father lives somewhere else. There were complaints from his neighbours and went through isolation in the school. The whole idea in working with this young person was to gain his trust and to give him responsibility and contact with other young people to develop social skills with his peers. Josh McDowell, says that teens that are vulnerable to rejection and peer persecution come from homes of broken families and its is not important to minimize their pain but to give them a chance to express themselves without reproach in a loving relationship.[6] Since they need a chance to express themselves in a loving relationship, Allan was asked to help in t uck shop and rewarded him with a voucher to spend. He also helped as a leader during juniors youth club. Roger did school visits with Allan and his mum to look around the school and to meet the staff and pupils. With a bit of regular counselling there is a change in Allan today.[7] In his practice he says that reflection plays a vital role and he often reflects on this practise and develops his youth work as the situation demands. He also made an important comment saying that theory doesnt work always. We need to go out of the box especially when working with the teenagers. In his words Theory is nothing but suggested practice, but suggested practice is not always the right one. So always go according to the situation and create the theory. Case Study Rebellion In my youth group I have this guy whose name Ill keep it anonymous and for the purpose of this essay we shall call him Joe. Joe comes to the youth Bible study that I lead every Thursday. He comes to that group not because he likes it, but only because his best mate comes to this group and partly also because he gets a tuck of crisps and a drink. The main issue as I categorize it with Joe was Rebellion. Especially with teenagers the word rebellion sounds synonymous with them. We will be looking at this in more depth with the PARC steps of Theory-Practice model. Practice Joe, who is 14 years old lives with his both parents and has an elder sister who is four years older than him. Both his parents are Christian and are actively involved in the church activities. His sister sometimes comes to the various youth groups and often helps the staff team in supervising the groups. Joe is an average student at school and is brilliant at sports, especially football and cricket. He plays for his school and also in some different leagues. If I organise any cricket match within the church, he is my key player of my team. Joes mum loves him very much and wants him to be a good Christian but Joe thinks that his mom is asking something impossible from him. I have heard Joe couple of times saying, Im not a Christian, just because of my mum I come to church, I dont believe in God, He doesnt talk anyways, My dad never keeps his promises, last night he said that he would watch a football match with me and he didnt turn up, My sister is in her own world. There is a lot of confusion and agitation going inside of Joe, which is ultimately resulting in his rebellion against his family. Key point to be noted here is that his rebellion is mainly seen on his spiritual side though it has its effects on his physical and social aspects. Analysis From his background we can clearly see that his problem is mainly coming through his own family. Joe is in his key transitioning period of moving from dependency to independence. He is going through a lot of changes like biological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual and all of these changes in one way or the other are contributing to his discomfort and rebellion. Childhood experiences, environmental stresses and hazards can also influence his problem during this stage, but in my view these dont explicitly affect him.[8] In his situation we can the main causes of rebellion are due to: Poor relationship with his family: I agree with Josh McDowell where he says when parents try to lay down rules without first establishing a real relationship with their kids, they sow seeds of rebellion.[9] In Joes situation that was the exact problem. Though he doesnt show an outward rebellion directly he is growing an inward rebellion which is very unhealthy for his personal development. His poor relationship with his sister adds to his predicament. Discipline method: On the Sunday morning Joes mum asks him if he is coming to the Church and his usual reply is NO and then carries on sleeping. I think Joes parents are too lenient on their methods of discipline with Joe. Proverbs 22:6 says that parents should train a child in the way he should go. I am not saying that they have to be threatening or smacking him and make him come to church but the lack of strict discipline from his childhood and being lenient on him is one of the causes. Anger and Frustration: Olson tells that rebellious behaviour is caused by aggressive impulses that are turned inward.[10] In Joe we see that he is frustrated with God and at times is angry with his mum and dad. This Anger is being suppressed and hence leading to a rebellious nature in Joe. When we look at this rebellious nature in Joe, the main person who is being affected is his mother. Every time I ask her about Joe, she looks very concerned and worried. Whenever she talks about him, her eyes are filled with tears and sometimes have sleepless nights. I dont know about Joe, but his mother looks like she is going through depression and there is this anxiety and fear in her about her child. Comparatively his mother is getting affected by his rebellion than himself. Relating Theory Olson cautions that counselling rebellious and delinquent youth is a very difficult, slow and often frustrating task and success might be marginal at best.[11] From a biblical perspective Bible is very straight forward to kids who are rebellious. Deuteronomy 27:16 says that cursed is the man who dishonours his father or mother. God gives a lot of importance in honouring ones parents. The fifth commandment is to honour ones parents. Proverbs 10:1 says a wise son brings joy to his father,but a foolish son grief to his mother. There is a very harsh Old Testament law which talks about a rebellious son. Deuteronomy 21:18-21 says, If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and will not listen to them when they discipline him,then all the men of his town shall stone him to death. Joes situation is not as bad as the above passage therefore a clear biblical and psychological counselling is sufficient to solve his problem. I am currently working on Joes case. I lead the Junior Pathfinders group on Thursday evenings. I asked the group to come up with all kinds of questions that they face regularly at school or in the community so that I can prepare Bible studies exclusively addressing those questions. Joe came up with few questions like, Why should I be a Christian in the first place?, Can I really feel God?, These are tough and genuine questions for a young person and I thought it was right to address these first and we looked at one question each week, looking at its consequences and how to deal with them both biblically and in practice. On a psychological level, Josh McDowell gives a good pattern to deal with this problem and that is in the form of an acrostic LEADER.[12] It goes in this order: Listen: Rebellious teenagers often expect criticisms or Bible verses. Listen with the eyes as well as with the ears and understand where they are coming from. Empathize: Reflecting and trying to see the things through the eyes of the young person. Affirm: Affirming the honesty to come and talk with you and the goodness within that teen. Direct: Here we outline a structure of direction working towards a negotiated agreement and long term plans in dealing with their rebellious nature. Enlist: The teenager must be convinced that rebellion is not the best way to respond by which he slowly eliminates that character. This is cognitive strategy. Refer: In extreme cases where it cannot be handled, then he has to be referred to the respective more qualified counsellor with their parents consent. Overall his parents also need counselling. The two essential dimensions of parenting are relationship (support) and empowerment (guidance).[13] Their relationship with Joe needs to be first set right before going on to the empowerment. They need to start fulfilling their promises and need to make a full effort not to disappoint him in the future with their promises. Change There are many things that could have been done. In this case Joes sister can come into picture and can be a lot of emotional help and someone with whom he can identify with in his family. Since his mates at the youth group are his main interest in coming to the group, his friends can help him to overcome this rebellion with encouragement and support. Once happened can always potentially take place again, so in case of a future similar rebellious behaviour we need to quickly assess the root of the rebellion and start working from there till the problem is resolved. Conclusion Developmental psychology is an endless fascinating topic especially because teens of similar ages develop at different rates according to their cognitive capabilities and social status. Anyone who decides to work on any developmental issues one has to clearly understand the underlying cause and effects according to the age of the person. Methodology and techniques are consonant with the work of the Spirit and therefore its very imperative that as Christians we need to depend on the Spirit as much as we depend on our methods in counselling. Appendix 1 Robbie-20 Years Background: Low attendance at school. Biological father with drink problems. Step dad smoking cannabis. Mum holding down three part time jobs. Robbie in bottom sets in all of his classes. Bullied by others living on the same housing estate. Once having to go to A and E because of injuries sustained. Grandparents supportive and positive influence. Spending long periods of time at home in fear of going out alone. Priorities: To build up Robbies confidence and self esteem. No exams being taken in year 11. Need to find alternative qualifications. Get him involved in a hobby or sport. Support mum with time management with multiple jobs and siblings. Obtain and pass information to step dad with regards to the effects of smoking cannabis and the legal implications. Action: Get Robbie involved in setting up and helping at youth club. Sign him for local football team and to attend training one night a week. Offer to the school an extended work experience placement. Complete an Asdan award scheme. Attend a youth world cup competition in Sweden, 1500 teams from all over the world. Raise money for trip by sponsored walk and car washing. Secure some private coaching from ex professional goal keeper to increase Robbies ability and confidence. Support application for training courses later to support application to join the Army. Currently after sustaining an injury waiting to re- apply in June 2010. Elliot-19 Years Background: Mum and dad living together but for previous 15 years lots of arguments and living apart for periods of time. Police involved and accusations made by mum towards Elliot and dad but never proven. Mum using two names at different times with different people. At least twice Elliot coming home from school and finding her after she had taken overdoses of tablets and being submitted to hospital. Moved home several times sometimes with dad and sometimes with mum. Elliot was kicked out of home several times whilst living with mum. Attending school outside of the area travelling daily to attend a distance of about thirty miles. Priorities: To stabilize some of Elliots circumstances giving some consistency. Speak with mum and dad to rationalize long term issues. Get him involved with youth club. Help with anger management. Find group to support mums behavior. Build father son relationship. Action: Encourage mum to attend overcomers outreach a twelve step recovery group meeting. Get father and son to attend and help at youth club. Work alongside Elliot to discuss how he feels in certain situations that then turns to anger and methods to deal with that anger. Support Elliot during the times when mum and dad are not together more recently to support an application for Elliot to obtain a place in the YMCA having been kicked out of home December 2009 after an argument with dad and his new girlfriend. Currently no contact with mum. April 2010 help Elliot to move from the YMCA to Fortuna house supported lodgings for around twelve young residents. Support Elliot to secure a place on a full time training course prior to finding a job. Bibliography: Balswick, Judy., and Balswick, Jack., Piper, Boni., Piper, Don, Relationship-Empowerment Parenting, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2003. Boyd, Denise., Bee, Helen, Lifespan Development, 5th (ed.), Pearson, 2009. Britton, Bruce., Youth Workers as Social Workers, in Jeffs, Tony and Smith, Mark, (ed.), Youth Work, London: Macmillan Press, 1987. Brierley, Danny, Joined Up: Introduction to Youth work and ministry, Authentic Media, 2003. Brierley, Peter, Reaching and Keeping Tweenagers, London: Christian Research, 2002. Flannagan, Andy, Distinctive Worship: How a new generation connects with God, Authentic Media, 2004. Geldard, Kathryn., and Geldard, David, Counselling Adolescents, 2nd (ed.), London: SAGE Publications, 2004. Greene, Roberta., and Kropf, Nancy, Human Behavior Theory: A Diversity Framework, 2nd (ed.), AldineTransaction, 2009. McDowell, Josh., and Hostetler, Bob, Josh McDowells Handbook on Counselling Youth, Word Publishing, 1996. Olson, Keith, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984. Denise Boyd Helen Bee, Lifespan Development, 5th (ed.), Pearson, 2009, 3. Bruce Britton, Youth Workers as Social Workers, in Tony Jeffs and Mark Smith, (ed.), Youth Work, London: Macmillan Press, 1987, 25. Roberta Greene, Nancy Kropf, Human Behavior Theory: A Diversity Framework, 2nd (ed.), AldineTransaction, 2009, 84. Danny Brierley, Joined Up: An Introduction to Youth Work and Ministry, Authentic Media, 2002. The name of the young person is changed due to disclosure and privacy reasons. Josh McDowell and Bob Hostetler, Josh McDowells Handbook on Counselling Youth, Word Publishing, 1996, 162-163. During my interview Roger shared couple of more examples. Listing those examples are not under the scope of this essay. Please see appendix 1 for a detailed description. Kathryn and David Geldard, Counselling Adolescents, 2nd (ed.), London: SAGE Publications, 2004, 16. McDowell and Hostetler, Youth, 235. Keith Olson, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984, 476. Keith Olson, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984, 480. McDowell and Hostetler, Youth, 239-241. Judy Jack Balswick and Boni Don Piper, Relationship-Empowerment Parenting, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2003, 18.